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St. Peter Connected Joel’s Prophecy With Pentecost
In Acts 2, St. Peter connected Joel’s prophecy about the Spirit being poured out with what happened on Pentecost.
Joel 2:28-29: “And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh; your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, and your young men shall see visions. Even on the male and female servants in those days I will pour out my Spirit.”
Acts 2:16-21: “[St. Peter said:] But this is what was uttered through the prophet Joel: ‘And in the last days it shall be, God declares, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh, and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams; 18 even on my male servants and female servants in those days I will pour out my Spirit, and they shall prophesy. 19 And I will show wonders in the heavens above and signs on the earth below, blood, and fire, and vapor of smoke; 20 the sun shall be turned to darkness and the moon to blood, before the day of the Lord comes, the great and magnificent day. 21 And it shall come to pass that everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.’”
Some also think that St. Peter might have been connecting (on some level) Joel’s prophecy about the sun being darkened and the moon having turned to blood with what happened on Good Friday and in the first century.
Joel 2:31: “The sun shall be turned to darkness and the moon to blood, before the great and awesome day of the Lord comes.”
F.F. Bruce, The Book of Acts, p. 69: “The wonders and signs to be revealed in the world of nature, as described in vv. 19 and 20 [by St. Peter], may have more relevance in the present context than is sometimes realized: it was little more than seven weeks since the people in Jerusalem had indeed seen the sun turned into darkness, during the early afternoon of the day of our Lord’s crucifixion. And on the same afternoon the paschal full moon may well have appeared blood-red in the sky in consequence of that preternatural gloom. These were to be understood as tokens of the advent of the day of the Lord…”
St. John Chrysostom, Homily 88 on Matthew: “This is the sign which before He had promised to give them when they asked it, saying, An evil and adulterous generation seeks after a sign, and there shall no sign be given to it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas (Matthew 12:39), meaning His cross, and His death, His burial, and His resurrection… For after the crucifixion, the city was destroyed, and the Jewish state came to an end, they fell away from their political society and their freedom, the gospel flourished, the word was spread abroad to the ends of the world; both sea and land, both the inhabited earth and the desert perpetually proclaim its power. These things then He means, and those which took place at the very time of the crucifixion. For indeed it was much more marvelous that these things should be done, when He was nailed to the cross, than when He was walking on earth.”
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